U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants
 

Reporting Concepts

General

The annual update of the "U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants," informally known as the "Greenbook," contains summary data of United States Government (USG) foreign assistance since 1945 and detailed annual data for the last four fiscal years. Foreign assistance is categorized as either economic assistance or military assistance. Non-concessional support is also presented. The contents of each section are explained in further detail below.

Foreign assistance is reported by recipient country and organized by geographic region, without distinction between developed and developing countries. The report includes a world summary page, regional summary pages and individual country pages.

Any country which has received economic or military assistance since 1945 and is considered an "Independent State" by the U.S. Department of State merits an individual country page. Generally, country names are those officially designated by the U.S. Department of State. Specific information on country/region names and groupings can be found in the Country and Regional Notes.

From 1955 to the present, annual data represent total new grant obligations and loan authorizations in the given fiscal year. Prior to 1955, grant data represent net obligations and loan data represent net authorizations. Where obligations are not available, appropriations or disbursements are used. Historical data are updated and may not reconcile with past editions of the Greenbook. All data are reported in historical U.S. dollars. Columns and rows may not sum due to rounding. Values less than $50,000 are denoted as 0.0.

The accounts that make up each row of the country pages are listed below. All accounts are presented by funding agency, with the exception of accounts funded by the Executive Office of the President, which are credited to the implementing agency.

Section Notes

A brief explanation of the contents of each section (economic assistance, military assistance, and non-concessional support) is provided below. The economic assistance section is further divided by funding agency. For appropriations funded by the Executive Office of the President, the program is listed under the implementing agency. The tables provide a detailed listing of "accounts" that comprise each section and funding agency for the current year. For the purpose of this publication, "accounts" refer to Federal appropriation accounts.

Economic Assistance

Total economic assistance is broken into the following funding categories: United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Predecessor, Department of Agriculture, Department of State and Other Economic Assistance.

The USAID and Predecessor Table shows the comprehensive list of accounts that comprise the funding categories for USAID.

A. USAID and Predecessor, Fiscal Year 2008
Account Amount
Total, USAID and Predecessor 9,323,689,362
Economic Support Fund 5,063,318,806
Development Assistance 1,600,854,473
Child Survival and Health 161,804,795
Other USAID Assistance 2,497,711,288
Assistance for Eastern Europe and the Baltic States 311,182,708
Assistance for the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union 339,828,547
Capital Investment Fund 78,441,780
Central America and Caribbean Emergency Disaster Recovery 457
Development Credit Authority * 32,137,451
Foreign National Employees Separation Liability Fund 6,857,123
HIV/AIDS Working Capital Fund 154,593,146
International Disaster and Famine Assistance 591,320,969
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund 115,958,754
Operating Expenses 722,812,494
Operating Expenses, Office of Inspector General 40,891,778
Payment to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund 36,400,000
Property Management Fund 318,150
Transition Initiatives 50,249,787
Working Capital Fund 16,718,142
* USAID's DCA provides loan guarantees. The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 requires obligations in support of these loan guarantees.

Beginning in 2008 new funding for Child Survival and Health is appropriated through the new Global Health and Child Survival account under the Department of State.

The Department of Agriculture Table shows the comprehensive list of all food aid accounts and USDA's technical assistance programs.

Food Aid is comprised of historic legislative programs and the current legislative programs of PL-480 and Section 416(b). Food for Education was funded under Section 416(b), however in fiscal year 2004 it became a separate appropriation account known as the McGovern Dole Global Food for Education. All Food Aid is funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). PL-480 Title I programs are funded and implemented by USDA. PL-480 Titles II and III programs are funded by USDA and implemented by USAID.

B. Department of Agriculture, Fiscal Year 2008
Account Amount
Total, Department of Agriculture 2,791,778,260
Food Aid Total 2,777,818,537
Public Law 480 Program Account, Title I 12,985,338
Commodity Credit Corporation, Title II 2,602,522,634
Public Law 480 Title II Grants 162,211,265
Commodity Credit Corporation, Food for Progress -
Public Law 480, Section 416(b) -
McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program 99,300
Other USDA Assistance 13,959,723
Food Safety and Inspection Service 95,000
Cooperative Research Education and Extension Service 1,375,368
National Forest System, Forest Service 2,238,200
Animal Plant Health Inspection Service 3,567,000
Foreign Agricultural Service 6,684,155
 

The Department of State Table shows the comprehensive list of international assistance accounts for the State Department.

C. Department of State, Fiscal Year 2008
Account Amount
Total, Department of State 9,641,085,271
Global Health and Child Survival 5,242,303,051
Global HIV/AIDs Initiative 416,649,619
Narcotics Control 1,847,223,376
Andean Counterdrug Initiative 555,247,350
International Narcotics Control & Law Enforcement 1,291,976,026
Migration and Refugee Assistance 1,377,232,479
Migration and Refugee Assistance 1,298,403,142
United States Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund 78,829,338
Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining and Related Programs 373,003,464
Other State Assistance 384,673,281
Democracy Fund 270,293,357
Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs 5,474,341
National Endowment for Democracy 108,903,808
Unconditional Gift Fund 1,775
 

Beginning in 2008 new funding for Global HIV/AIDS Initiative is appropriated through the new Global Health and Child Survival account.

The Other Economic Assistance Table shows the comprehensive list of foreign assistance outside of USAID, the Department of Agriculture and the Department of State. Details on Inactive Loans and Grants funding categories are in a later section titled "Inactive Loans and Grants Notes."

D. Other Economic Assistance, Fiscal Year 2008
Account Amount
Total, Other Economic Assistance 9,576,021,529
Millennium Challenge Corporation 3,649,246,103
Peace Corps 326,505,165
Department of Defense Security Assistance 2,663,781,765
Defense Health Program 3,363,110
Drug Interdiction and Counter-Drug Activities 570,132,098
Former Soviet Union Threat Reduction 206,006,270
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund 91,914,337
Operation and Maintenance, Defense-Wide 13,923,000
Operation and Maintenance, Navy 11,661
Operations and Maintenance, Army 1,491,763,757
Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid 101,026,000
Other Active Grant Programs 2,936,488,496
African Development Foundation 28,960,589
Compact of Free Association, Interior 155,166,864
Customs and Border Protection, Border and Transportation Security 249,674
Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, Energy 1,664,567,693
Department of Justice 2,600
Department of Labor 62,901,715
Department of Transportation 15,000
Disease Control, Research and Training, CDC 422,935,927
EPA, Environmental Programs and Management 24,897,900
EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, Science and Technology 270,000
EPA, State and Tribal Assistance Grants -
Federal Aviation Administration, Operations 623,886
General Departmental Management, HHS 5,892,000
Inter-American Foundation 24,773,950
Interagency Drug Enforcement, Drug Enforcement Administration 2,999,385
International Affairs Technical Assistance 31,236,945
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund -
Multinational Species Conservation Fund, Fish and Wildlife Service 16,109,448
National Institutes of Health 363,628,000
Operations, Research and Facilities, NOAA 1,538,459
Patent and Trademark Office 2,760,527
Payment to Open World Leadership Center Trust Fund -
Public Health & Social Services Emergency Fund, HHS 28,489,162
Salaries and Expenses, Federal Bureau of Investigation 1,064,568
Salaries and Expense, Food and Drug Administration 543,968
Salaries and Expenses, United States Marshals Service 8,002,000
Scientific and Technical Research and Services, NIST 250,000
Toxic Substances and Environmental Public Health, HHS 99,834
Trade and Development Agency 58,440,540
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 30,067,862
 

The Voluntary Contributions to Multilateral Organizations Table includes contributions to any International Financial Institution (IFI) with individual appropriation accounts as well as other voluntary contributions to international organizations. Non-voluntary contributions, or assessed membership fees, are included in non-concessional support.

E. Voluntary Contributions to Multilateral Organizations, Fiscal Year 2008
Account Amount
Total, Voluntary Contributions to Multilateral Organizations 2,278,112,635
African Development Bank -
African Development Fund 134,584,960
Asian Development Bank 74,544,261
Enterprise for the Americas Multilateral Investment Fund 24,797,500
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 10,077
Inter-American Development Bank -
International Development Association 848,074,500
International Fund for Agricultural Development 17,925,617
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency -
Global Environment Facility 81,100,720
Global Fund to Fight HIV/AID, Malaria and Tuberculosis 787,518,000
International Organizations and Programs 309,557,000
 

Important Note: Official Development Assistance (ODA) is reported by all donor countries, including the United States, to the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). All programs listed above under "Economic Assistance" are considered ODA eligible by the DAC. However, Greenbook data and ODA are not directly comparable. The OECD/DAC has additional program coverage, reports in calendar year as opposed to fiscal year and emphasizes disbursements rather than obligations.

Military Assistance

The Military Assistance Table includes the comprehensive list of military accounts with a non-economic development purpose. Military accounts with a development purpose are included under "Other Economic Assistance."

II. Military Assistance, Fiscal Year 2008
Account Amount
Total, Military Assistance 15,445,901,713
Afghanistan Security Forces Fund 6,010,000,000
Excess Defense Articles 58,404,539
Foreign Military Financing Grants 4,506,935,000
Former Soviet Union Threat Reduction 26,366,687
International Military Education and Training 84,023,000
Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund 364,710
Military Assistance Program not reported
Iraq Security Forces Fund 4,368,569,961
Peace Keeping Operations 391,237,816
 

Non-Concessional Support

Non-Concessional support is broken into the following categories: Non-Concessional U.S. Loans and Annual Obligations to International Organizations. Non-Concessional U.S. Loans consist of Export-Import Bank Loans and Other Non-Concessional U.S. Loans, including Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC). Since 1999, OPIC annual loan data are the only other non-concessional loans. However, due to limited reporting by OPIC, it is impossible to separate the amount of direct loans from loan guarantees. The data in this book are direct loans and loan guarantees.

Non-Concessional Support, Fiscal Year 2008
Account Amount
Non-Concessional U.S. Loans 1,326,499,345
Export-Import Bank 356,048,795
Overseas Private Investment Corporation 970,450,550
Contributions to International Organizations [Assessed] 3,289,058,000
Contributions to International Organizations 1,455,154,000
Contributions to Peacekeeping Activities 1,833,904,000
 

Inactive Loans and Grants Notes

The report covers development assistance over a period of more than fifty years. There have been a number of changes in the types of assistance programs covered. The following tables detail the accounts that have become inactive, the last year of reported data, and the total funding assistance over the life of the account.

Some historical data are not available by individual accounts because annual data were subsumed into aggregate funding categories. For example, subsumed in historical USAID Loan and Grant data are obligations from such appropriation accounts as: Sahel Development Program, Sub-Saharan Disaster Assistance, Special Assistance, Defense Support, Direct Forces Support, Indochina Postwar Reconstruction, Middle East Special Requirements Fund, and Assistance to Portuguese Colonies in Africa. Obligations for these accounts are not available due to past reporting procedures.

Inactive Loans
Account Last Year of Funding Total Amount (dollars)
Total, Inactive Loans 8,064,204,000
British Loan 1947 3,750,000,000
Domestic Surplus 1948 4,900,000
Merchant Ships 1948 1,200,000
Overseas Surplus 1948 43,500,000
Lend Lease Silver 1949 61,300,000
Government and Relief in Occupied Areas (GARIOLA) 1950 800,000,000
Philippines Funding 1951 34,000,000
COG Offset to Grant 1952 490,000,000
Defense Mobilization Development 1953 6,400,000
Strategic Materials Development 1954 11,600,000
Defense Materials Development 1960 61,102,000
UN Headquarters and Bonds 1964 141,300,000
Reconstruction Finances Corporation (RFC) Note 1969 63,000,000
Atomic Energy 1972 16,700,000
Ryukyu Statement 1972 320,000,000
U.S. Surplus Property 1972 1,430,601,000
European Atomic Community 1974 72,400,000
Emergency Food Aid 1975 242,200,000
Binational Center Loans 1984 2,421,000
Admin Area Development 1987 11,147,000
Social Progress Trust Fund 1988 500,433,000
 
Inactive Grants
Account Last Year of Funding Total Amount (dollars)
Total, Inactive Grants 10,846,395,000
International Committee on Refugees 1947 3,700,000
UN Relief and Rehabilitation Agency (UNRRA) 1947 1,077,400,000
UN Relief and Works Agency - Palestine Refugees 1948 317,100,000
UNRRA and Interim Aid 1948 1,262,000,000
UNRRA and Post UNRRA 1948 407,201,000
Greek-Turkish Aid 1950 122,500,000
Emergency Relief 1951 37,600,000
International Children's Fund 1951 80,800,000
International Refugees 1951 237,000,000
Berlin Investment Fund 1953 12,900,000
Pakistan Relief Act (P.L. 77) 1953 67,400,000
Post UNRRA Interim Aid 1953 499,500,000
Famine Relief (P.L. 216) 1954 1,600,000
Foot and Mouth Disease 1955 93,800,000
Civilian Relief in Korea (CRIK) 1956 420,200,000
Philippines Rehabilitation 1963 707,500,000
Government and Relief in Occupied Areas (GARIOA) 1967 3,733,902,000
Pre-treaty Claims 1967 21,000,000
Disaster Relief 1968 13,800,000
Civilian Supplies 1972 296,800,000
Social Progress Trust Fund 1976 106,300,000
Development and Support 1977 751,550,000
Institute of American Affairs (IAA) 1977 55,705,000
Refugees from Russia 1982 280,000,000
Inter-American Highway 1985 213,482,000
Technical Assistance 1985 25,655,000
NOTE: Some inactive programs have been superseded by similar and more recent programs.

Time Period Notes

Country and regional pages contain historical summary data, the most current four years of annual data, cumulative total and information on loan status. Summary data are available for each legislative authority: Post-War Relief (1946-1948), Marshall Plan (1949-1952), Mutual Security Act (1953-1961) and Foreign Assistance Act (1962-present). Detailed annual data on prior years can be found on this web site.

Loan Status

Total loans and grants is the sum of annual data from 1945 to the present. The portion ascribed to loans is reported in the "Of which Loans" column. The outstanding amount as of September 30th, 2008 is the total amount due the U.S. Government for all loans made during the period 1946 to the present, as reported by the U.S. Department of Treasury. Decreases in the outstanding amount reflect both repayments on loans and debt forgiveness. Private loans to foreign entities that are guaranteed and/or insured by the U.S. Government are not included in this publication. Claims acquired by the U.S. Government upon default under these programs are also not included, however, capitalization of the defaults are included. Therefore, outstanding loan balance may be greater than total loans and grants.

Glossary of Terms

Appropriations
An act of the United States Congress allowing US Federal Agencies to incur obligations for specified purposes.
Authorization
Substantive legislation that establishes legal operation of a Federal program, either indefinitely or for a specific period of time, and sanctions particular program funding levels.
Fiscal Year (FY)
An accounting period of 365 days (366 in leap years), but not necessarily starting on January 1. The fiscal year of the United States Government begins on October 1 and ends on September 30 and is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Prior to FY 1977, the US fiscal year ran from July 1 through June 30. The three-month transition period in 1976 (July 1 through September 30) is treated as a distinct reporting period.
Grant
Cash transfers for which the recipient incurs no legal debt.
Loan
Transfers for which the recipient incurs a legal debt and repayment is required over time, with or without interest, in convertible currencies or in kind.
Obligation
A binding agreement that will result in outlays, immediately or in the future. Budget resources must be available before obligations can be legally incurred.

Notes for 2008 edition